{"id":122,"date":"2011-06-20T16:08:48","date_gmt":"2011-06-20T21:08:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/?page_id=122"},"modified":"2011-12-07T00:40:17","modified_gmt":"2011-12-07T00:40:17","slug":"page54-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/?page_id=122","title":{"rendered":"Content expert review"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>In developing the ATLAST assessments, we found repeated review of items by content experts to be valuable.\u00a0 The primary function of such reviews is to ensure the content accuracy of items.\u00a0 Each item should be reviewed with respect to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Scenarios\/examples presented\u00a0<\/strong> In cases where items present natural or realistic situations, these should accurately reflect the real world (e.g., a polar bear\u00a0preying on seals rather than penguins).\u00a0 In items featuring hypothetical cases, all appropriate assumptions\/instructions should be explicitly stated (e.g.,. air resistance experienced by a moving cart is to be ignored).\u00a0\u00a0Review by\u00a0a content expert can provide assurance that these situations are presented with the accuracy needed to assess the target content.\u00a0 This point applies to graphic elements as well as text.<br \/>\n<strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Validity of stated\/implied generalizations<\/strong>\u00a0 Extensive content knowledge may be helpful in identifying inaccuracies resulting from over-generalization.\u00a0 For instance, in\u00a0 assessing whether students have the misconception that plants do not metabolize sugars as animals do, a distractor might state &#8220;Plants and animals use food in different ways to grow.&#8221;\u00a0 A precocious student may realize that food is used in plant tissue growth largely in the formation of cellulose whereas animal growth does not include cellulose.\u00a0 Such a student would interpret the intended distractor as a correct statement.\u00a0 Inclusion of a content expert heads off such problems.<br \/>\n<strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Field-specific use of terms<\/strong>\u00a0 Within the context of a specified content area, particular terms may have significantly\u00a0specialized or restricted meanings (e.g., &#8220;plate&#8221; in plate tectonics and &#8220;food&#8221; in flow of matter and energy).\u00a0The input of a content expert can clarify subtleties associated with these definitions.\u00a0 This consideration is important to the principle of maximizing comprehension (see <a href=\"\">Item writing principles<\/a>) to produce items that best assess the target ideas.<br \/>\n<strong><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Prerequisite content knowledge<\/strong>\u00a0 The requirement for prerequisite knowledge\u00a0in grasping the targeted ideas should be considered during the content clarification stage of item development.\u00a0 However, assessment development also benefits from a review of each item with the intention of determining what prerequisite knowledge is required for correct interpretation.\u00a0 The perspective of a content expert is valuable at both stages because it is shaped by in-depth and repeated examination of interrelationships among the relevant concepts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Content expert review is also important for providing adequate coverage of the content domain.\u00a0 Associating individual items with corresponding ideas in the content domain is key to determining coverage.\u00a0 Thorough\u00a0and accurate association of assessment items to the specified ideas is sometimes not straightforward.\u00a0 Feedback from a content expert may be important for a making all appropriate associations.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In developing the ATLAST assessments, we found repeated review of items by content experts to be valuable.\u00a0 The primary function of such reviews is to ensure the content accuracy of items.\u00a0 Each item should be reviewed with respect to: Scenarios\/examples&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":97,"menu_order":42400,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-122","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/122","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=122"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/122\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":359,"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/122\/revisions\/359"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/97"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=122"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}