\nSub-Ideas:<\/strong><\/td>\nNumber of Items<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| A.\u00a0\u00a0 Food serves as both fuel (energy source) and building materials for an organism. Sugars are an example of food for both plants and animals, but water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen are not..<\/td>\n | \n 6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| B.\u00a0\u00a0 Using light energy, plants make their own food – in the form of sugars – from carbon dioxide (in the air) and water. Nothing else is required for this process. Oxygen is released as a result.<\/td>\n | \n 6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| C.\u00a0\u00a0 Plants transform light energy into chemical energy in sugars made by the plants<\/td>\n | \n 3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| D.\u00a0\u00a0 Humans and other animals acquire food by consuming plants or other animals that have consumed plants. Animals break down this food into simpler substances (including sugars).<\/td>\n | \n 0<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| E.\u00a0\u00a0 Organisms (including both plants and animals) grow by breaking down food (including sugars made by plants and sugars ingested by animals) into simpler substances which they reassemble into other substances that become part of new or replacement body structures..<\/td>\n | \n 6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| F.\u00a0\u00a0 Organisms (including both plants and animals) break down energy-rich food (such as sugars), using oxygen, into simpler substances with less energy (such as carbon dioxideand water), releasing energy in the process. This process does not require light. Some of this energy from food is used for growth and other body functions, and some is released as heat..<\/td>\n | \n 6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| G.\u00a0\u00a0 If not used immediately as fuel or building material, food can be stored for later use by plants and animals. In animals, but not in plants, food can also be eliminated from the body as waste .<\/td>\n | \n 3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nH.\u00a0\u00a0 Respiration <\/strong>is the continual process by which an organism uses oxygen and sugars to release energy:<\/strong> 6O2<\/sub> + C6<\/sub>H12<\/sub>O6<\/sub>\u00a0–> 6H2<\/sub>O + 6CO2<\/sub> + energy<\/td>\n| \n 2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nI.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Photosynthesis<\/strong> is the process by which a plant uses the energy from light to make sugars from carbon dioxide and water: Light energy + 6H2<\/sub>O + 6CO2<\/sub> –> 6O2<\/sub> + C6<\/sub>H12<\/sub>O6<\/sub><\/td>\n| \n 4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nJ.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Some energy is lost to the system as heat between each trophic level, so only a portion of the energy is passed from one trophic level to the next. This continuous loss of energy to the system as heat means that an outside source of energy (usually the Sun) is required to maintain the flow of energy in ecosystems.\u00a0<\/strong><\/td>\n| \n 3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \nK.\u00a0\u00a0 Decomposers transform dead organisms into simpler substances that can be used by plants and other organisms. This release of nutrients back into the environment is necessary to complete the cycle of matter.<\/strong><\/td>\n| \n 2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Force & Motion<\/h3>\n\n \n\n\nSub-Ideas:<\/strong><\/td>\nNumber of Items<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A force is a push or pull interaction between two objects, and has both magnitude and direction.<\/td>\n | \n 7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| B.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 All of the forces acting on an object combine through vector addition into a net force; they either balance each other out (net force is zero), or act like an unbalanced force (net force is not zero).<\/td>\n | \n 7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 A force diagram uses arrows to represent the forces acting on an object at a particular moment.\u00a0 The length of the arrow represents the relative magnitude of the force.\u00a0 The direction of the arrow represents the direction of the force acting on the object.<\/td>\n | \n 10<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 If an object is moving faster and faster, then there is a net force acting on the object in the same direction as the motion.<\/td>\n | \n 6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| E.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 If an object is moving slower and slower, then there is a net force acting on the object in the direction opposite to the object\u2019s motion.<\/td>\n | \n 4<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| G.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 If there is an unbalanced force acting on an object, the greater the strength of the unbalanced force, the greater the change in the object\u2019s velocity.<\/td>\n | \n 2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| H.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 If there is an unbalanced force acting on an object, the more massive an object is, the smaller the change in the object\u2019s velocity.<\/td>\n | \n 1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| I.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 If an object has constant speed in a straight line (or zero speed), then there is no net force acting on the object.\u00a0 This can occur either when the forces on the object are balanced or there are no forces exerted on the object<\/td>\n | \n 5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| J.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The force of friction acts to oppose the relative motion of two objects in contact.\u00a0 Friction acts on both objects along the surfaces in contact with each other.\u00a0 The magnitude of friction depends upon the properties of the surfaces and how hard the objects are pushed together.<\/td>\n | \n 6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n <\/p>\n Plate Tectonics<\/h3>\n\n \n\n\nSub-Ideas:<\/strong><\/td>\nNumber of Items<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n\n| A.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The solid outer portion of Earth consists of separate plates of almost entirely solid rock.<\/td>\n | \n 6<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| B.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Earth\u2019s plates (the lithosphere or lithospheric plate) are cold (relative to deeper portions of Earth), strong and brittle and average about 100 kilometers in thickness.\u00a0 Beneath the lithosphere is an almost entirely solid (~99%) layer of Earth (the asthenosphere) which is hot, weak and plastic and extends from the base of the lithosphere to a depth of about 350 kilometers.<\/td>\n | \n 2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| C.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The plates that make up Earth\u2019s surface are constantly moving and changing.<\/td>\n | \n 7<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| D.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plate motions are driven by a combination of Earth’s heat and gravitational forces.\u00a0 The consensus among geologists is that \u201dslab pull,\u201c the sinking of oceanic plates at subduction zones (because that rock is old and relatively cold [dense]) is the primary driving force behind plate tectonics.\u00a0 Ridge push (the pushing forces exerted by elevated and relatively hot rock at mid-ocean ridges) is minor as is the traction along the bottoms of plates due to convection in the mantle.<\/td>\n | \n 1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| E.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Since the supercontinent Pangaea split up about 200 million years ago, the shapes of continents have been somewhat modified, mostly by erosion, sea level changes, and mountain-building; this is why the present-day \u201dfit\u201c of the continents is less than perfect.<\/td>\n | \n 2<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| F.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Plate motion causes abutting plates to interact with one another along their boundaries resulting in observable geologic features and events.<\/td>\n | \n 5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| G.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The occurrence of features and\/or events at locations distant from plate boundaries are for reasons other than plate interactions (some volcanoes occur distant from plate boundaries as a result of hot spots).<\/td>\n | \n 1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| H.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The rock that makes up plates is slowly being formed at some plate boundaries.\u00a0 Rock that makes up the plates is returned to Earth\u2019s interior at other plate boundaries.\u00a0 This means that Earth is not changing in size.<\/td>\n | \n 5<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| I.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The part of a plate with ocean floor along its boundary is always subducted beneath a plate with a continent along its boundary. Continental material is not subducted because of its low density. If continents on two separate plates are in contact and being pushed together, the continental rocks are forced upward forming mountain ranges rather than being completely subducted into Earth\u2019s interior.\u00a0 If two plates without continents are in contact and being pushed together, the colder\/denser plate subducts beneath the other.<\/td>\n | \n 3<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n | \n| J.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Old ocean floor rocks return by subduction into Earth\u2019s interior.\u00a0 Hence, ocean floor rocks are relatively young.\u00a0 Most continental rocks stay at Earth\u2019s surface because of their low density (although sediment eroded from the continents is carried to the oceans and can be subducted along with oceanic lithosphere).\u00a0 Hence, the age of some continental rock is quite old.<\/td>\n | \n 1<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n ?<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"The number of items by sub-idea for each assessment is shown below. The number of items totals to more than the number on the assessment because one item may address more than one sub-idea. Flow of Matter & Energy Sub-Ideas:… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"parent":77,"menu_order":31310,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-80","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/80","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=80"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/80\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":483,"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/80\/revisions\/483"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/pages\/77"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/atlast\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=80"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}} | | | | | | | | | | | | |