{"id":1548,"date":"2025-04-22T09:48:59","date_gmt":"2025-04-22T13:48:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/sbpscience\/?page_id=1548"},"modified":"2025-05-21T23:29:47","modified_gmt":"2025-05-22T03:29:47","slug":"cocorahs-jan","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/sbpscience\/cocorahs\/cocorahs-jan\/","title":{"rendered":"CoCoRaHS, 5: January"},"content":{"rendered":"

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5: January<\/h2>\n

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Comparing your station\u2019s precipitation to stations in different regions using qualitative data<\/strong><\/h4>\n

Purpose<\/strong>
Building on last month\u2019s comparisons of data from stations in the same region, this activity has students make sense of <\/span>differences in precipitation across regions<\/b> by comparing their own station\u2019s fall data (meteorological seasonal total) with that of other stations located in different regions, and exploring differences in these locations. <\/span><\/p>\n

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\"\"<\/p>\n

Review last month\u2019s graph and data sheets where students compared their fall totals for their school and another station in the same region. Discuss the value of additional qualitative notes for comparing data between stations. Then, without disclosing the stations\u2019 location, provide students with Condition Monitoring Reports from fall data for a station in a region outside of their own. Using what they know about their own station, and taking into consideration the qualitative data, have students make claims about where in the US the other station may be located and in what region. Before reviewing the geographic location of the other station, ask students to record reasons why their data may differ from the other stations\u2019 data. <\/span>\"\"<\/p>\n

Using the <\/span>Interactive Map on CoCoRaHS.org<\/span><\/a> of the United States and the <\/span>NOAA US Climate Regions Map<\/span><\/a>, locate the other station, noting the different regions. Have students compare the stations in different regions across quantitative data sources (i.e., Summary Precipitation Report, data recording sheets) and qualitative data sources (i.e., data recording sheets, Condition Monitoring Reports). <\/span><\/p>\n

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Standards + Practices<\/h4>\n

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Science<\/span><\/h4>\n

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DCI: <\/strong>ESS2.C The Roles of Water in Earth’s Surface Processes
ESS2.D Weather and Climate<\/p>\n

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CCC: Cause and Effect<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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SP4: <\/strong>Analyzing and interpreting data
Students will be analyzing and interpreting data from their station and another station in a different region of the US. See Narrative and Science Content Supports.
<\/em>
SP5: <\/strong>Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking
Students will be using mathematics and computational thinking as they analyze and interpret the data from the Station Precipitation Summary Reports for stations in different regions. See Narrative and Math\/Science Content Supports.<\/em><\/p>\n

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Mathematics<\/span><\/h4>\n

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Statistics & Probability: Summarizing Numerical Data Sets<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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MP1:<\/strong> Make sense of problems and persevere in solving them
<\/span>MP2:<\/strong> Reason abstractly and quantitatively
<\/span>MP3:<\/strong> Construct viable arguments and critique the reasoning of others.
<\/span>MP4:<\/strong> Model with mathematics
<\/span>MP5:<\/strong> Use appropriate tools strategically
<\/span>MP6:<\/strong> Attend to Precision<\/span><\/p>\n

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Resources + Supports<\/h4>\n

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Ms. Clark\u2019s Class Uses Qualitative Notes to Discern Differences in Precipitation Across Regions<\/a><\/p>\n

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Condition Monitoring Reports & Summary Charts<\/a><\/p>\n

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Using Qualitative Notes <\/a><\/p>\n

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Analyzing and Interpreting Data<\/a><\/p>\n

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Making Sense of Trends in Weather Data<\/a><\/p>\n

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February Preview<\/a><\/p>\n

[\/et_pb_blurb][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Objectives” module_id=”narrative” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”35px|||||” border_width_top=”8px” border_color_top=”#89CEA4″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” admin_label=”Module Heading with Icon” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”||1px|||” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_main_element=”width: 18%!important;” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”http:\/\/www.horizon-research.com\/tl4cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Asset-18.png” title_text=”Asset 18″ show_bottom_space=”off” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”EB Garamond||||||||” header_text_align=”left” header_text_color=”#454545″ header_font_size=”42px” header_line_height=”2.2em” header_3_font=”|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#454545″ header_3_font_size=”26px” header_line_height_tablet=”1.2em” header_line_height_phone=”1.2em” header_line_height_last_edited=”on|tablet” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

Ms. Clark\u2019s Class Uses Qualitative Notes to Discern Differences in Precipitation Across Regions<\/b><\/h3>\n

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Last month, Ms. Clark\u2019s students identified patterns in precipitation data within their region, and this month she\u2019d like to continue the discussion comparing with a station in a different region. She is aware of many strategies for uncovering students’ thinking, but in this case, she decides to spend a class period having students make and discuss scientific claims about where in the country the other station is located, and in what region, based on precipitation totals and qualitative data.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ms. Clark reviews the data collection recording sheet they have been using all year, specifically pointing out the \u201cnotes\u201d column on the far right hand side. She asks students, \u201cWhat type of information can the notes column tell us about our data?\u201d Students share that the notes column elaborates on the numerical data highlighting things like the reasons for zeroes, multi-day reports, and other significant weather details such as if there was a storm that week or no rain for an extended time. Ms. Clark shares that other stations record this same type of qualitative, or descriptive data, through the use of Condition Monitoring Reports on the CoCoRaHS website. Ms. Clark shares a few examples of Condition Monitoring Reports from the fall submitted by a nearby station, AZ-NV-42. <\/span><\/p>\n

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As students discuss the mystery station\u2019s data, Ms. Clark records their claims on the chart and asks them to consider where in the US, and in what region, they believe this other station may be and why. Students discuss and share thoughts such as, \u201cI think this station is in the midwest somewhere where there is a lot of farming,\u201d \u201cI think this station probably had more rain than we did this fall because they mention that their crops were very wet.\u201d She then shares the other station\u2019s number (WI-LN-2) and shows the students a map with this station circled.<\/span><\/p>\n

Students compare this map with the NOAA US Climate Regions Map and comment that the station is in the Upper Midwest Region. Ms. Clark then has students pull up the Station Precipitation Summary Report for their station and the two other stations and encourages students to examine the data carefully while also comparing the qualitative notes provided in the Condition Monitoring Summary Report (see Participatory Science Support and Science\/Literacy Supports below) to consider variations in fall precipitation data for each of the three stations.<\/span><\/p>\n

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As students discuss the qualitative data in pairs, Ms. Clark begins a list of students\u2019 claims on the front board, including \u201cvery little rainfall in fall,\u201d \u201cmildly dry climate,\u201d and \u201cvegetation and wildlife changing throughout the season.\u201d\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

To show differences between regions, Ms. Clark begins by asking students what region of the US their school is located in. Students share some guesses but do not name the correct region. Ms. Clark opens the <\/span>NOAA US Climate Regions Map<\/span><\/a> page on the smartboard and asks the question again. Students now recognize that their school is located in the Southwest region of the US. Ms. Clark then shares that they will be comparing their qualitative data (and the data from the other local station) with data from a station in another region of the US. She shares the following data with students, but does not share where in the US the station is located. <\/span><\/p>\n

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Condition Monitoring Reports & Summary Charts<\/b><\/h3>\n

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Anyone can enter a condition monitoring report on CoCoRaHS.org. Click on \u201cMy Data\u201d at the top of the screen, and then click on \u201cCondition Monitoring Report\u201d under \u201cEnter My New Reports\u201d on the left hand side of the screen. Condition Monitoring Reports report the changing on-the-ground conditions that observers note weekly, biweekly, or monthly at their station. The conditions noted are related to precipitation or lack thereof and include the date, a condition scale bar (from severely dry to severely wet), a written description, and a selection from condition monitoring categories. The condition monitoring reports serve as qualitative data, which support the quantitative data captured daily in rain gauge reports. <\/span><\/p>\n

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To access completed Condition Monitoring Reports for a specific station, state, and\/or county (<\/span>Note: Not all stations choose to complete these reports; therefore, even though a station records precipitation data, they may not have condition monitoring reports to view.)<\/span><\/i>:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Click on View Data.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Under CoCoRaHS Data Reports, click on Condition Monitoring Reports.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Fill in the station number or location (including country, state, and\/or county) and the date range of observations. Click on Search.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  4. All reports filed at that location during that time period are shared in the report.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Click on the icon under \u201cview\u201d on the right hand side of the report to view singular station reports. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/sbpscience\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-2025-04-22-083058.jpg” title_text=”Screenshot 2025-04-22 083058″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/sbpscience\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-2025-04-22-083226.jpg” title_text=”Screenshot 2025-04-22 083226″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

    To view the Condition Monitoring via the Interactive Map:
    \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Click on \u201cCondition\u201d at the top of the map.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
    2. Fill in the information for the location and dates you would like to view. Click Search. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”27px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

      To view Condition Monitoring Summary Charts (Graphs and Maps of data):\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

      <\/span><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Click on View Data.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      2. Click on Condition Monitoring Summary Charts under CoCoRaHS Data Reports.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      3. Narrow down your search by country and state or by Station Number\/Name. Click Generate Report.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
      4. Scroll down the page to view various Summary Charts including Condition Monitoring Report Scale Bar Value Frequency Distribution, Condition Monitoring Report Scale Bar Value as Percentage of Total, Weekly Condition Monitoring, and more. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/sbpscience\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-2025-04-22-083422.jpg” title_text=”Screenshot 2025-04-22 083422″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_2,1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” custom_padding=”27px|||||” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_image src=”https:\/\/horizon-research.com\/sbpscience\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/04\/Screenshot-2025-04-22-083650.jpg” title_text=”Screenshot 2025-04-22 083650″ _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”1_2″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

        To View a Condition Monitoring Summary via the Interactive Map:
        \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Click on View Data.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
        2. Click on Condition Monitoring Summary Charts under CoCoRaHS Data Reports.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n
        3. On the top of the page, click on CM Maps. Search for your station, state, and\/or region on the map and use the sliding scale bar at the bottom of the map to choose your date range of observations. You can view the map as \u201cstreet map\u201d or \u201caerial imagery.\u201d <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Objectives” module_id=”takingnotes” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”35px|||||” border_width_top=”8px” border_color_top=”#89CEA4″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” admin_label=”Module Heading with Icon” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”||1px|||” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_main_element=”width: 10%!important;” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”http:\/\/www.horizon-research.com\/tl4cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Asset-26.png” title_text=”Asset 26″ show_bottom_space=”off” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”EB Garamond||||||||” header_text_align=”left” header_text_color=”#454545″ header_font_size=”42px” header_line_height=”2.2em” header_3_font=”|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#454545″ header_3_font_size=”26px” custom_padding=”|||11px||” header_line_height_tablet=”1.2em” header_line_height_phone=”1.2em” header_line_height_last_edited=”on|tablet” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

          Using Qualitative Notes <\/strong><\/h3>\n

          [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

          As students interpret data from the Condition Monitoring Reports and Summary Charts, encourage them to refer back to the qualitative notes they took while collecting data in the data recording sheets throughout the year (far right \u201cnotes\u201d column of the data recording sheet<\/a><\/span>).\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          Guide students to consider what information is included in the Condition Monitoring Reports and the information they are including in the notes section of their data recording sheet. Ask students what information they can begin including on their recording sheets in order to submit a condition monitoring report next week.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          In addition, encourage students to compare the Station Precipitation Summary Charts with their data recording sheets for September, October, and November. For days on the chart that show no precipitation, ask students to refer to their notes to determine whether they measured zero, or were missing data for that day.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section][et_pb_section fb_built=”1″ admin_label=”Objectives” module_id=”graphingtips” _builder_version=”4.16″ background_enable_color=”off” custom_padding=”35px|||||” border_width_top=”8px” border_color_top=”#89CEA4″ global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_row column_structure=”1_4,3_4″ use_custom_gutter=”on” gutter_width=”1″ make_equal=”on” admin_label=”Module Heading with Icon” _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”||1px|||” locked=”off” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”1_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” custom_css_main_element=”width: 10%!important;” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_image src=”http:\/\/www.horizon-research.com\/tl4cs\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Asset-25.png” title_text=”Asset 25″ show_bottom_space=”off” align=”center” _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][\/et_pb_image][\/et_pb_column][et_pb_column type=”3_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ custom_padding=”|||” global_colors_info=”{}” custom_padding__hover=”|||”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” header_font=”EB Garamond||||||||” header_text_align=”left” header_text_color=”#454545″ header_font_size=”42px” header_line_height=”2.2em” header_3_font=”|700|||||||” header_3_text_color=”#454545″ header_3_font_size=”26px” custom_padding=”|||13px||” header_line_height_tablet=”1.2em” header_line_height_phone=”1.2em” header_line_height_last_edited=”on|tablet” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

          Analyzing and Interpreting Data<\/b><\/h3>\n

          [\/et_pb_text][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][et_pb_row _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_column type=”4_4″ _builder_version=”4.16″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”][et_pb_text _builder_version=”4.27.0″ _module_preset=”default” global_colors_info=”{}”]<\/p>\n

          As students compare their fall data with other stations\u2019 data in different regions, there is an opportunity for students to analyze and interpret the data within each station\u2019s data charts. Instead of graphing the data on a bar chart themselves, students can use the Condition Monitoring Summary Charts on CoCoRaHS.org to analyze and interpret a variety of ways to represent a station\u2019s precipitation data.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          Provide time for the students to review the various tables and choose one that they want to use to draw conclusions about the precipitation in the stations represented.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

          Questions for students to consider when interpreting data:<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n